Dams are more than essential tools for hydroelectric energy production and water management—they are true engineering masterpieces. Across the globe, these imposing structures showcase human ingenuity and the ability to overcome natural challenges.
Let’s explore some of the most awe-inspiring, famous dams around the world.
1. Kariba Hydroelectric Plant
Built by Webuild on the Zambezi River, along the border between Zambia and Zimbabwe, the Kariba Hydroelectric Power Plant is one of Africa’s most iconic structures.
With its massive scale and vast reservoir, it provides renewable energy to millions, reshapes the landscape, and stands as an extraordinary example of human ingenuity.
2. Cornalvo Roman Dam, Spain
Constructed by the Romans in the 2nd century AD near Mérida, Spain, the Cornalvo Dam is one of the oldest dams still in use in Europe.
Stretching 220 meters long and 28 meters high, it supplied water to the Roman city through aqueducts and canals. Today, its reservoir is part of the Cornalvo Natural Park and, along with other Mérida monuments, is recognized by UNESCO as a testament to Roman hydraulic engineering.
3. Marèges Dam, France
Built between 1932 and 1935 along the Dordogne River, the Marèges Dam is one of the first thin-arch dams and a true 20th-century engineering masterpiece.
Designed by engineer André Coyne, it stands 89 meters high and 200 meters long. The dam marked a turning point in French hydroelectric power production, introducing innovative solutions such as a conical spillway to safely manage water flow.
4. Kölnbrein Dam, Austria
At 200 meters high, the Kölnbrein Dam is Austria’s tallest and one of Europe’s most spectacular dams.
Located in the Hohe Tauern National Park as part of the Malta-Reisseck hydropower complex, it forms a 4 km-long artificial lake.
Visitors can reach it via the scenic Malta Hochalmstraße and enjoy the Skywalk, a suspended walkway overlooking the valley, as well as an exhibition center showcasing the history and operation of the plant—blending nature, engineering, and adventure.
5. Itaipú Dam, Brazil/Paraguay
Located on the Paraná River along the Brazil-Paraguay border, the Itaipú Dam is one of the largest hydroelectric projects in the world.
It generates enormous amounts of hydroelectric energy, supplying about 10% of Brazil’s electricity and nearly 90% of Paraguay’s. Its name in Guaraní, “Itaipú,” means “singing stone,” evoking the sound of water rushing through the rocks of the Paraná River.
6. Hoover Dam, Nevada, USA
The Hoover Dam is not only one of the most famous dams in the world, but also a popular tourist destination.
With a capacity of 2,080 MW, it supplies hydropower to much of the region. Built between 1931 and 1936 on the Colorado River, the Hoover Dam construction represented a breakthrough in hydroelectric development and water resources management in the Southwestern United States.
